BITS Pilani Researchers Discover Serotype 38 of S. pneumoniae, Not Covered by Current Vaccines

Introduction

Researchers at BITS Pilani, Hyderabad campus have discovered a new strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, known as Serotype 38 a pneumonia-causing bacterium not covered by existing vaccines. This discovery could help explain rising cases despite immunization and underscores the need for updated vaccines.

What Makes Serotype 38 Different?

The newly identified serotype is not included in vaccines like Pneumovax 23, Vaxneuvance, or Prevnar 20, yet it’s increasingly linked to cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections across India, Europe, and North America, sometimes leading to higher mortality.

Unlike known strains, Serotype 38’s capsule contains the unusual amino acid serine and has partial immune similarity to vaccine-covered serotypes meaning antibodies against other strains could sometimes recognize it.

Why This Discovery Matters Now

According to the researchers, non-vaccine serotypes like Serotype 38 now account for nearly one-third of pneumococcal infections.

With pneumonia still claiming nearly one million lives annually among children under five, the emergence of Serotype 38 raises urgency for expanding vaccine coverage and strengthening surveillance.

Looking Ahead: What Comes Next

Led by Associate Professor Kirtimaan Syal, the team published their findings in ACS Omega, calling for design and development of next-generation vaccines that include Serotype 38.

They also emphasize the importance of monitoring new strains and updating public health strategies to protect the most vulnerable.