India’s Next Census to Begin March 1, 2027 — Will Include Caste Data: Sources

First Full Census Since 2011

After repeated delays caused by the pandemic and logistical challenges, the Government of India is set to launch its next full-scale census on March 1, 2027. This will be the first census since 2011, marking a significant statistical milestone for the country.

Officials involved in the planning confirmed that the census will also collect data on caste, a move expected to shape future welfare and policy decisions.

Caste Census: A Historic Inclusion

In a notable shift from previous exercises, the upcoming census will include caste enumeration, responding to long-standing demands from various political and social groups for more accurate data on India’s complex social structure.

While caste was last officially recorded in the 1931 census (barring Scheduled Castes and Tribes), this revival aims to help the government design more targeted schemes and evaluate social equity policies with empirical backing.

Pilot Testing and Digital Tools in Focus

Sources say the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Office of the Registrar General of India are in the advanced stages of finalizing the methodology. The process will involve pilot testing in selected regions before the nationwide rollout.

Officials also hinted at the use of digital tools and mobile applications to streamline data collection and improve accuracy. Enumerators are expected to be trained with updated protocols to ensure smooth operations.

Political and Policy Implications

The inclusion of caste data could have far-reaching political consequences, particularly in shaping reservation policies, welfare distribution, and electoral strategies. Several states had independently conducted caste-based surveys in recent years, prompting calls for national-level data.

Experts believe this move could enhance transparency in social justice programs and strengthen the evidence base for policymaking.

2027 Census to Coincide with Economic Survey

Notably, the census will begin just weeks before India’s economic year ends. This timeline allows for close alignment with the National Economic Survey and future policy planning documents, providing a holistic view of both demographic and economic shifts in the country.