Etalin Hydel Project Gets Forest Clearance Despite Risks.

June 11, 2025 | Arunachal Pradesh, India

Etalin Hydel Project Moves Ahead Despite Previous Warnings

On June 11, the Forest Advisory Committee (FAC) gave in-principle clearance to the Etalin hydel project, a 3,097 MW hydroelectric initiative in Arunachal Pradesh’s Dibang Valley. This valley, part of the Eastern Himalayas, is one of India’s most ecologically sensitive zones.

The project, executed jointly by the Arunachal Pradesh government and Jindal Power Ltd, aims to harness the potential of the Dri and Talo rivers. It had been pending for nearly a decade due to environmental and tribal opposition.

Earlier reviews by the FAC, particularly in 2020 and 2022, expressed deep concern over the ecological consequences. Despite those warnings, the current decision seems heavily influenced by national energy goals and geopolitical considerations, especially given the proximity of the project to the China border.

Biodiversity Threat Looms Over Etalin Hydel Project Region

The Dibang Valley region is part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. It supports species like the Mishmi takin, red panda, snow leopard, and over 680 unique bird species. Some of these species are listed as endangered under the IUCN Red List.

If implemented, the Etalin project approval will submerge approximately 1,175 hectares of forest land. According to official documents, more than 278,000 trees will be felled, making it one of the most environmentally costly hydel projects in the country.

Moreover, environmental groups like the Wildlife Conservation Society and the Bombay Natural History Society have expressed dismay. They argue that this could disrupt not just habitats but also migratory patterns and river health across the region.

Forest Panel Reverses Earlier Stand on Etalin Hydel Project

In 2022, the FAC declined clearance based on a flawed Wildlife Institute of India (WII) study. The report lacked crucial fieldwork and failed to include seasonal wildlife migration data. Experts found species listed in the report that do not even exist in the project region.

Despite these shortcomings, the current panel cited the same study to justify its approval. No updated ecological surveys were commissioned, nor was there any fresh tribal consultation. Critics say this represents a troubling trend of compromising science for speed.

The reversal also contradicts recommendations from India’s own National Board for Wildlife, which had previously urged caution. Environmental lawyers argue this could be challenged legally under the Forest Rights Act and Biodiversity Act.

Project Sparks Debate on Development Versus Conservation

Proponents of the Etalin project approval claim it will strengthen power availability in the Northeast and enhance India’s border infrastructure. Hydropower, being a renewable source, is positioned as key to achieving the country’s green energy targets.

However, tribal communities—particularly the Idu Mishmi people—have voiced opposition. They highlight not only ecological risks but also cultural displacement. Many fear the flooding could destroy sacred sites and traditional hunting zones.

Moreover, construction activities such as road widening and river diversions may permanently alter local ecosystems. Previous hydropower projects in the region have already caused landslides, habitat fragmentation, and reduced river flows.

Balancing Growth With Nature

The approval of the Etalin project approval underscores the ongoing tension between infrastructure growth and environmental stewardship. With India aiming to triple its renewable energy capacity by 2030, such projects are likely to multiply.

Yet, without robust ecological safeguards, these developments risk undermining the very sustainability they claim to support. In regions like Arunachal Pradesh, where nature and culture are deeply intertwined, development must tread cautiously.

In the long run, investing in transparent environmental assessments, community engagement, and alternative power strategies could offer a better blueprint. The Etalin case will now serve as a litmus test for India’s future approach to green development.

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